わが国の民間航空と航空自衛隊の航空身体検査証明制度の比較

Abstract

飛行中の急性機能喪失等を起こすリスクを排除し，飛行安全を確保するために，航空身体検査証明制度は必要な制度である。わが国の民間航空の航空身体検査証明制度は，国際民間航空条約第1附属書の規定に従い，航空法が制定されており，概ね世界各国と同様の制度と言える。一方，航空自衛隊(以下，「空自」という)を含む自衛隊に対しては，航空法等の適用除外が設けられており，自衛隊が独自の制度を運用している。民間航空は基本的に，操縦者が個人の責任において資格の維持をしなければならないという思想に基づいていると考えられ，申請者本人と指定医又は国土交通大臣との「一対一のやり取り」という制度設計である。一方，空自は，国防の一端を担うため，組織全体がその資格維持に責任を取るという思想に基づいていると考えられ，「業務命令」という制度設計である。

The aviation medical certification system is important to ensure flight safety and to eliminate the risk of accidents due to in-flight incapacitation. Herein we compared the aviation medical certification systems of civil aviation and Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) in Japan. The civil aviation medical certification system is similar to that of other countries who abide by Annex 1 enacted by the International Civil Aviation Organization. On the other hand, the Defense Ministry of Japan and JASDF have implemented their own aeromedical certification system, in congruency with military aviation systen1s of other countries. The civil aviationmedical certification syste1n is a simple, linear application process, in which the individual applicant directly submits the application to the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism through an authorized aeromedical examiner. In this system, the individual pilot assumes responsibility of acquiring certification. In comparison, the system of the JASDF is a parallel or plural application process, in which the individual pilot and his/her superiors are responsible for obtaining the certification. The JASDF system suggests that aviation activities are not an individual matter but rather a matter of national defense and the responsibility should be assumed by the national organization.